Diabetic ketoacidosis

Module 1: Pathophysiology and diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis

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CME Credits: 0.5
Module duration: 0.5 hours
Launch date: Summer 2020 (version 1)
Updated: Spring 2023 (version 3)
Expiry date: March 2027
Audience: Diabetes and Metabolism Specialists (Basic), Endocrinologists (Basic)

Hello, everyone. My name’s Ketan Dhatariya and I’m a Diabetes and Endocrinology Consultant at the Norfolk and Norwich Hospital in Norwich. I’m also an Honorary Professor of Medicine at the University of East Anglia. In this module, I’m going to be talking about various aspects of diabetic ketoacidosis, also known as DKA. What I’m really going to be focusing on is the diagnosis of DKA and also the pathophysiology behind it. As you know, DKA is one of the most life-threatening consequences and complications of diabetes. It predominantly occurs in people with type 1 diabetes, but there’s an increasing number of people with type 2 diabetes who also develop the condition, who also need to be treated as aggressively as those people with type 1.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the most serious, acute complications of diabetes. It occurs when excessive amounts of ketones are released into the bloodstream, mainly as a result of the body breaking down lipids instead of utilising glucose as the energy source, due to lack of insulin or insulin effectiveness.

DKA is typically associated with type 1 diabetes and remains one of the major causes of death in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. However, it also occurs in people with type 2 diabetes. This module is designed to help you understand the pathogenesis of DKA and how to diagnose this life-threatening metabolic crisis.

Learning Outcomes

By the end of this module, you will be able to:

Explain the epidemiology and pathophysiology of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

Explain the precipitating factors and clinical presentation of DKA

Assess typical patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in order to diagnose DKA, including euglycaemic DKA


This module includes self-marked assessments, such as knowledge checks and/or case studies, as well as a marked final assessment, which you can attempt up to five times. To complete the module, you must review all chapters, pass the final assessment (80% pass mark), and fill in our feedback form.


Contributors

Professor
Ketan Dhatariya
Author, Assessment Setter
Professor
Thomas Danne
Expert Reviewer
Assessment Setter
Assessment Setter
Professor
Chantal Mathieu
Assessment Setter