We've changed the way you complete courses

In response to user feedback we have simplified the way courses can be completed.

Until now you needed to complete the topics and modules in order, from start to finish. But from today you can complete them in any order you wish.

Just visit any topic that interests you, and when you are ready mark it as completed by clicking the green 'Mark complete' button at the bottom of the page.

Once you have completed all of the topics in a module an assessment will be provided for you.

Complete all the assessments to finish the course.

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There is a genetic background interaction with the environment. And we have an incredible barrier between the environment and our genetic background. That barrier is represented by the gut, which is the site for the microbiome and the microbiota. This is a very complex slide. I will just point out to you the difference between the microbiome in people with insulin resistance and people with a prevalent defect in the beta cell. So, just to give you an example, it may be that in the future we will have even more information that may provide us with a better clue as to the individual relationship between the genetic background and the specific environment. So, in other words, we need to move, and we probably will be moving in the future, from personalised treatment to precision medicine.
“We have an incredible barrier between the environment and our genetic background. That barrier is represented by the gut”

Variations in the microbiome mediate differential effects of the environment on metabolic homeostasis.

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Zhou W, Sailani MR, Contrepois K, Zhou Y, Ahadi S, Leopold SR, Zhang MJ, Rao V, Avina M, Mishra T, Johnson J, Lee-McMullen B, Chen S, Metwally AA, Tran TDB, Nguyen H, Zhou X, Albright B, Hong BY, Petersen L, Bautista E, Hanson B, Chen L, Spakowicz D, Bahmani A, Salins D, Leopold B, Ashland M, Dagan-Rosenfeld O, Rego S, Limcaoco P, Colbert E, Allister C, Perelman D, Craig C, Wei E, Chaib H, Hornburg D, Dunn J, Liang L, Rose SMS, Kukurba K, Piening B, Rost H, Tse D, McLaughlin T, Sodergren E, Weinstock GM, Snyder M. Longitudinal multi-omics of host-microbe dynamics in prediabetes. Nature. 2019 May;569(7758):663-671.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31142858